📄 Category

hiv aids

49 papers

HIV/AIDS research remains a critical frontier in global health, focusing on everything from understanding how the virus interacts with the human immune system to developing new treatments and vaccines. This field is constantly evolving, with scientists working tirelessly to improve patient outcomes and move closer to a functional cure. Because these discoveries happen rapidly, staying updated with the latest findings is essential for both experts and the public.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between complex research and clear understanding by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. We transform these dense scientific documents into both plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring that the latest insights into HIV and AIDS are accessible to everyone. Below are the most recent papers we have analyzed, offering a fresh look at the ongoing fight against the virus.

📄 hiv aids

Gaps in HIV testing for children of mothers with known HIV positive status: Results from Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (PHIA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015-2019)

An analysis of 13 Population-based HIV Impact Assessments in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015–2019) reveals that over 40% of children born to mothers aware of their HIV-positive status had never been tested, highlighting critical gaps in pediatric diagnosis and treatment linkage despite high confirmation rates among known cases.

Nyabiage, L., Gachau, S., Jonnalagadda, S., Lulseged, S., Kayira, D., Kabaghe, A. N., Kutara, I., Nsanzimana, S., Mugish (…)2026-03-23
📄 hiv aids

Trends in frequency of HIV viral load and CD4 cell count monitoring among Asian cohort of adults with HIV: an analysis of the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database, 2003-2018

This study analyzing the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database from 2003 to 2018 reveals that while viral load testing rates remained stable, CD4 testing frequency declined over time, with both monitoring patterns significantly influenced by demographic, clinical, and socio-economic factors, though neither was strongly associated with AIDS diagnosis and frequent CD4 testing was paradoxically linked to higher mortality risk.

PASAYAN, M. K., Jiamsakul, A., Yunihastuti, E., Azwa, I., Choi, J. Y., Kumarasamy, N., Avihingsanon, A., Chaiwarith, R. (…)2026-03-23
📄 hiv aids

Accounting for barriers to HIV infection in the recipient partner reveals frequent transient infections and explains transmission risk under viral suppression

By integrating mathematical modeling with epidemiological and phylogenetic data, this study identifies three biological mechanisms—rare permissive conditions, stage-dependent infection establishment, and target cell limitation—that explain HIV transmission dynamics, revealing frequent transient infections and providing a mechanistic basis for the negligible transmission risk observed under viral suppression.

Atkins, K. E., Antal, T., Thompson, R. N., Lythgoe, K., Regoes, R. R., Hue, S., Villabona-Arenas, C. J.2026-03-23
📄 hiv aids

Prevalence and correlates of HIV among children born to HIV-negative mothers in Zambia: a secondary analysis of the 2024 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey

This secondary analysis of the 2024 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey reveals that approximately 0.5% of children born to HIV-negative mothers are HIV-positive, with significantly higher prevalence observed in urban areas, wealthier households, and Copperbelt Province, underscoring critical gaps in current prevention strategies that extend beyond vertical transmission.

Chalwe, C., Munkombwe, P., Mulenga, B.2026-03-22
📄 hiv aids

Should WHO-prequalified antigen-antibody fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests be used to detect acute HIV infection? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance

This systematic review and meta-analysis concludes that WHO-prequalified fourth-generation antigen-antibody rapid diagnostic tests are effective for general population HIV screening, offering improved detection of acute infection through p24 antigen, though their application in at-risk populations requires further data and adherence to standard algorithm safeguards.

Neveux, M. R., Hylin, R., Ruiz Gonzalez, V., Lopez Parra, A. P., Onoja, A., Sirivichayakul, S., Sulaimon, A. A., Rwibasi (…)2026-03-19
📄 hiv aids

Time to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure and Its Predictors among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

This retrospective cohort study of over 36,000 Tanzanian patients reveals that while dolutegravir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy initially offers strong protection against treatment failure compared to non-dolutegravir regimens, this protective effect diminishes over time, underscoring the critical need for sustained virological monitoring and highlighting age and gender as significant predictors of failure.

Sangeda, R. Z., Bahati, H. G., Salvatory, N. M., Mwakyomo, J., Sambu, V., Njau, P.2026-03-17
📄 hiv aids

Uptake and predictors of viral load testing and viral suppression among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in mainland Tanzania

This retrospective analysis of 70,000 HIV patients in mainland Tanzania (2017–2021) reveals that while viral suppression rates among tested individuals are high, significant gaps in testing uptake and treatment outcomes persist among young adults, males, adolescents, and populations in districts with high mobility, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to address geographic and demographic disparities.

Mutagonda, R. F., Lugoba, M. D., Mwakyomo, J., Sambu, V., Musiba, G., Mutayoba, B., Masuki, M. M., Njau, P., Maokola, W. (…)2026-03-12
📄 hiv aids

The age and sex dynamics of heterosexual HIV transmission in Zambia: an HPTN 071 (PopART) phylogenetic and modelling study

This study combines phylogenetic analysis and mathematical modeling in Zambia to reveal that HIV transmission is driven by older men infecting younger women, indicating that targeting testing and treatment interventions at individuals under 35, particularly young men, is crucial for substantially reducing HIV incidence.

Hall, M. D., Probert, W., Abeler-Dorner, L., Wymant, C., di Lauro, F., Xi, X., Sauter, R., Golubchik, T., Bonsall, D., P (…)2026-03-10
📄 hiv aids

Biologically informed genetic data transformations improve multi-omic comorbidity prediction in people with HIV

This study demonstrates that in people with HIV, biologically informed genetic data transformations—specifically polygenic risk scores and AlphaGenome-derived gene-level impact scores—significantly improve multi-omic prediction accuracy for coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease compared to using raw SNP genotypes or principal components.

Ryan, B., Thorball, C. W., Ait Oumelloul, M., Kouyos, R., Tarr, P. E., Fellay, J.2026-03-10
📄 hiv aids

A Rule-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Virological Failure Among Children Living With HIV in Malawi

This study presents a machine learning framework combining Random Forest feature selection, association rule mining, and k-prototype clustering to identify key drivers and distinct risk profiles of virological failure among children living with HIV in Malawi, offering a solution to overcome delays in the country's resource-constrained treatment monitoring system.

Chiphe, C.2026-03-10