📄 Category

hiv aids

40 papers

HIV/AIDS research remains a critical frontier in global health, focusing on everything from understanding how the virus interacts with the human immune system to developing new treatments and vaccines. This field is constantly evolving, with scientists working tirelessly to improve patient outcomes and move closer to a functional cure. Because these discoveries happen rapidly, staying updated with the latest findings is essential for both experts and the public.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between complex research and clear understanding by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. We transform these dense scientific documents into both plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring that the latest insights into HIV and AIDS are accessible to everyone. Below are the most recent papers we have analyzed, offering a fresh look at the ongoing fight against the virus.

Time to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure and Its Predictors among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

This retrospective cohort study of over 36,000 Tanzanian patients reveals that while dolutegravir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy initially offers strong protection against treatment failure compared to non-dolutegravir regimens, this protective effect diminishes over time, underscoring the critical need for sustained virological monitoring and highlighting age and gender as significant predictors of failure.

Sangeda, R. Z., Bahati, H. G., Salvatory, N. M., Mwakyomo, J., Sambu, V., Njau, P.2026-03-17📄 hiv aids

Uptake and predictors of viral load testing and viral suppression among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in mainland Tanzania

This retrospective analysis of 70,000 HIV patients in mainland Tanzania (2017–2021) reveals that while viral suppression rates among tested individuals are high, significant gaps in testing uptake and treatment outcomes persist among young adults, males, adolescents, and populations in districts with high mobility, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to address geographic and demographic disparities.

Mutagonda, R. F., Lugoba, M. D., Mwakyomo, J., Sambu, V., Musiba, G., Mutayoba, B., Masuki, M. M., Njau, P., Maokola, W., Sangeda, R. Z.2026-03-12📄 hiv aids

The age and sex dynamics of heterosexual HIV transmission in Zambia: an HPTN 071 (PopART) phylogenetic and modelling study

This study combines phylogenetic analysis and mathematical modeling in Zambia to reveal that HIV transmission is driven by older men infecting younger women, indicating that targeting testing and treatment interventions at individuals under 35, particularly young men, is crucial for substantially reducing HIV incidence.

Hall, M. D., Probert, W., Abeler-Dorner, L., Wymant, C., di Lauro, F., Xi, X., Sauter, R., Golubchik, T., Bonsall, D., Pickles, M., Cori, A., Bwalya, J., Floyd, S., Bell-Mandla, N., Shanaube, K., Yang (…)2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Biologically informed genetic data transformations improve multi-omic comorbidity prediction in people with HIV

This study demonstrates that in people with HIV, biologically informed genetic data transformations—specifically polygenic risk scores and AlphaGenome-derived gene-level impact scores—significantly improve multi-omic prediction accuracy for coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease compared to using raw SNP genotypes or principal components.

Ryan, B., Thorball, C. W., Ait Oumelloul, M., Kouyos, R., Tarr, P. E., Fellay, J.2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

A Rule-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Virological Failure Among Children Living With HIV in Malawi

This study presents a machine learning framework combining Random Forest feature selection, association rule mining, and k-prototype clustering to identify key drivers and distinct risk profiles of virological failure among children living with HIV in Malawi, offering a solution to overcome delays in the country's resource-constrained treatment monitoring system.

Chiphe, C.2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Opposite Directions: A Decade of Contrasting HIV and HCV Dynamics Among Injecting Drug Users in Mozambique

This study reveals a decade-long divergence in Mozambique among people who inject drugs, characterized by a significant decline in HIV prevalence alongside a sharp, geographically and demographically varied increase in hepatitis C virus prevalence, underscoring the urgent need for differentiated harm-reduction strategies and expanded HCV services.

Banze, A. R., Muleia, R., Muioche, L., Nuvunga, S., Cuamba, G., Condula, M., Craveirinha, S., Chavana, D., Jemuce, A. M., Mega, V., Chilaule, D., Simbine, M. H., Botao, C., Ismael, N., Baltazar, C. S.2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Time to registry discontinuity in Tanzania's national HIV care registry: a survival analysis of population mobility patterns

This study of over 2 million HIV patients in Tanzania reveals that early registry discontinuity is common and geographically linked to population mobility, suggesting that many apparent losses to follow-up actually reflect administrative gaps in tracking mobile patients across facilities rather than true disengagement from care.

Mwakyomo, J., Sangeda, R. Z., Mushi, H., Njau, P.2026-03-09📄 hiv aids

The direct implementation costs of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Lesotho and Zimbabwe: a costing study of PrEP choice involving oral pills, the dapivirine ring, and long-acting injectable cabotegravir to inform policy setting

This study provides the first comparative analysis of direct implementation costs for oral pills, the dapivirine ring, and long-acting injectable cabotegravir PrEP in Lesotho and Zimbabwe, revealing that while injectable CAB PrEP is the most expensive option, these findings offer critical client-level data to guide HIV prevention budgeting and policy decisions amidst decreasing international funding.

Corlis, J., Bollinger, L., Mangenah, C., Ncube, G., Marake-Raleie, N., Soothoane, R., Gwavava, E., Yemeke, T., Eichleay, M., Kapuganti, S., Stegman, P., Bellows, N., Kripke, K.2026-03-06📄 hiv aids

Geographic variation in loss to follow-up from HIV care in Tanzania and its association with pharmacy refill adherence in routine programme data

This study of 52,828 people living with HIV across Tanzania's 26 mainland regions reveals significant geographic variation in loss to follow-up and identifies poor pharmacy refill adherence as the strongest independent predictor of disengagement from care, highlighting the value of integrating spatial and refill-based monitoring for targeted retention strategies.

Lugoba, M. D., Sangeda, R. Z., De Vrieze, L., Mushi, H., Mutagonda, R. F., Mwakyomo, J., Sambu, V., Njau, P.2026-03-05📄 hiv aids